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Formulas & Functions

Master Excel formulas and functions to work faster and smarter.

Mathematical Functions

Common formulas for adding, rounding and working with numbers.

SUM Function

Purpose: Adds numbers together.

Syntax: =SUM(A1:A10)

Example: =SUM(B2:B20)

SUMIF Function

Purpose: Sums values that meet a single condition.

Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

Example: =SUMIF(A2:A20,"North",B2:B20)

SUMIFS Function

Purpose: Sums values that meet multiple conditions.

Syntax: =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, ...)

Example: =SUMIFS(C2:C20,A2:A20,"North",B2:B20,">=100")

ROUND Function

Purpose: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

Syntax: =ROUND(number, num_digits)

Example: =ROUND(12.345,2)

ABS Function

Purpose: Returns the absolute value (removes the minus sign).

Syntax: =ABS(number)

Example: =ABS(-25)

Logical Functions

Formulas for decision-making and condition checks.

IF Function

Purpose: Returns a value based on a condition.

Syntax: =IF(A1>100,"Yes","No")

Example: =IF(B2>=60,"Pass","Fail")

IFS Function

Purpose: Tests multiple conditions and returns the first match.

Syntax: =IFS(test1, value1, test2, value2, ...)

Example: =IFS(B2>=90,"A",B2>=75,"B",B2>=60,"C",TRUE,"Fail")

AND Function

Purpose: Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE.

Syntax: =AND(logical1, logical2, ...)

Example: =AND(B2>=60,C2="Yes")

OR Function

Purpose: Returns TRUE if any condition is TRUE.

Syntax: =OR(logical1, logical2, ...)

Example: =OR(B2>=60,C2="Yes")

NOT Function

Purpose: Reverses TRUE/FALSE results.

Syntax: =NOT(logical)

Example: =NOT(B2>=60)

Lookup Functions

Find and return data from tables quickly.

VLOOKUP Function

Purpose: Searches data vertically and returns a matching value.

Syntax: =VLOOKUP(A2,F:G,2,FALSE)

Tip: Use XLOOKUP for a more flexible modern alternative.

XLOOKUP Function

Purpose: Modern replacement of VLOOKUP that can search left or right.

Syntax: =XLOOKUP(A2,F:F,G:G)

Example: =XLOOKUP(E2,A:A,B:B,"Not found")

INDEX + MATCH

Purpose: A powerful combo to look up values with flexibility.

Syntax: =INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))

Example: =INDEX(B2:B20, MATCH(E2, A2:A20, 0))

Text Functions

Extract, join and work with text easily.

LEFT Function

Purpose: Returns characters from the left side of a text.

Syntax: =LEFT(text, [num_chars])

Example: =LEFT(A2,3)

MID Function

Purpose: Returns characters from the middle of a text.

Syntax: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars)

Example: =MID(A2,2,5)

LEN Function

Purpose: Returns the number of characters in a text.

Syntax: =LEN(text)

Example: =LEN(A2)

CONCAT Function

Purpose: Joins text strings together.

Syntax: =CONCAT(text1, [text2], ...)

Example: =CONCAT(A2," ",B2)

TEXTJOIN Function

Purpose: Joins text with a delimiter and can ignore blanks.

Syntax: =TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, ...)

Example: =TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,A2:A10)

Date & Time Functions

Work with dates, months and time-based calculations.

TODAY Function

Purpose: Returns today’s date.

Syntax: =TODAY()

Example: =TODAY()

NOW Function

Purpose: Returns the current date and time.

Syntax: =NOW()

Example: =NOW()

DATEDIF Function

Purpose: Calculates the difference between two dates.

Syntax: =DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, unit)

Example: =DATEDIF(A2,B2,"d")

EOMONTH Function

Purpose: Returns the last day of a month, before/after a given date.

Syntax: =EOMONTH(start_date, months)

Example: =EOMONTH(A2,1)

Statistical Functions

Count, average and find min/max values quickly.

COUNT Function

Purpose: Counts cells that contain numbers.

Syntax: =COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)

Example: =COUNT(A2:A100)

COUNTA Function

Purpose: Counts non-empty cells.

Syntax: =COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)

Example: =COUNTA(A2:A100)

COUNTIF Function

Purpose: Counts cells that meet a condition.

Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Example: =COUNTIF(B2:B20,">=60")

AVERAGE Function

Purpose: Returns the average (mean) of numbers.

Syntax: =AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)

Example: =AVERAGE(C2:C20)

MAX Function

Purpose: Returns the largest number in a range.

Syntax: =MAX(number1, [number2], ...)

Example: =MAX(C2:C20)

MIN Function

Purpose: Returns the smallest number in a range.

Syntax: =MIN(number1, [number2], ...)

Example: =MIN(C2:C20)

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